带隔板装药爆轰波马赫反射理论研究和数值模拟

基于三波理论和Whitham方法对带隔板装药爆轰波相互作用后发生的正规反射和非正规反射进行了理论分析,给出了爆轰波发生马赫反射时临界入射角和马赫杆增长角等参数的变化规律,提出了马赫杆高度的计算模型。基于凝聚炸药爆轰Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)模型和冲击起爆的Lee-Tarver模型,利用有限元计算软件对带隔板装药爆轰波的传播过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,发生马赫反射后,随着爆轰波的传播,马赫杆的高度不断增加。数值模拟结果与理论计算结果吻合较好,说明本文中采用的理论模型和数值模拟方法能够较准确地描述带隔板装药爆轰波马赫反射的传播过程。     

激波在不同三角楔面内传播特性的数值研究

激波在收缩管内的反射与聚焦会形成高温高压区,点燃可燃混合气并诱导爆轰,因此对爆轰发动机的点火具有重要意义。本文基于二维N-S方程,结合五阶WENO格式,对马赫数为6的正激波在三角形楔面内的反射与聚焦现象进行了数值研究。结果表明,楔面顶角的变化对激波的反射类型以及聚焦均有明显的影响:随着顶角的增加,激波的反射类型从马赫反射向过渡马赫反射和双马赫反射转变,且壁面上的前向射流更加明显;三波点第一次碰撞产生的高温高压区足够满足可燃混合气体的点火条件,且其温度与压力值随顶角的增加而增大;当激波在楔面上发生临界双马赫反射时,温度与压力达到最大;当顶角增加到一定值时,激波在楔面反射转变为常规反射,不会产生激波对碰,因而没有高温高压区。     

Numerical investigations of the vortex interactions for a flow over a pitching foil at different stages

The fluid–structure interaction is investigated numerically for a two-dimensional flow (Re=2.5·10⁶) over a sinusoid-pitching foil by the SST (Shear Stress Transport) k–ω model. Although discrepancies in the downstroke phase, which are also documented in other numerical studies, are observed by comparing with experimental results, our current numerical results are sufficient to predict the mean features and qualitative tendencies of the dynamic stall phenomenon. These discrepancies are evaluated carefully from the numerical and experimental viewpoints.In this study, we have utilized Λ, which is the normalized second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor, to present the evolution of the Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) and Trailing Edge Vortex (TEV). The convective, pressure, and diffusion terms during the dynamic stall process are discussed based on the transport equation of Λ. It is found that the pressure term dominates the rate of the change of the rotation strength inside the LEV. This trend can hardly be observed directly by using the vorticity transport equation due to the zero baroclinic term for the incompressible flow.The mechanisms to delay the stall are categorized based on the formation of the LEV. At the first stage before the formation of the LEV in the upper surface, the pitching foil provides extra momentum into the fluid flows to resist the flow separation, and hence the stall is delayed. At the second stage, a low-pressure area travels with the evolution of the LEV such that the lift still can be maintained. Three short periods at the second stage corresponds to different flow patterns during the dynamic stall, and these short periods can be distinguished according to the trend of the pressure variation inside the LEV. The lift stall occurs when a reverse flow from the lower surface is triggered during the shedding of the LEV. For a reduced frequency k_f=0.15, the formation of the TEV happens right after the lift stall, and the lift can drop dramatically. With a faster reduced frequency k_f=0.25, the shedding of the LEV is postponed into the downstroke, and the interaction between the LEV and TEV becomes weaker correspondingly. Thus, the lift drops more gently after the stall. In order to acquire more reliable numerical results within the downstroke phase, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES), which is capable of better predictions for the laminar-to-turbulent transition and flow reattachment process, will be considered as the future work.     

同一实验的不同设计引发的教学反思——基于高中化学“温度对化学平衡影响”2个实验教学片断的评析

现行高中化学3个版本的教科书关于"温度对化学平衡影响"的实验设计各不相同,对教师教学行为也产生了不同的影响。通过呈现2位教师的相关教学片段实录,对其教学行为进行比较,并结合新课程实施过程中的典型问题进行剖析,阐明了"化学实验教学不仅要帮助学生获取知识,更要兼顾培养学生未来发展所需的创新精神及实践能力"的教学观点。     

HL-2A 装置超声分子束注入缓解偏滤器靶板上边缘局域模热通量研究

在HL-2A 装置上优化和发展了偏滤器靶板上的红外测温系统,并利用该系统分析了高约束模放电期间边缘局域模的热沉积分布特性。在高约束模式放电期间,超声分子束注入使边缘局域模所引起的偏滤器靶板上瞬间热通量峰值下降了~60%,并伴随着边缘局域模爆发频率增加了2~3 倍,而等离子体储能仅下降了~8%。分析结果表明,大幅度的丝状结构在超声分子束注入之后得到了有效抑制,沉积到偏滤器靶板上的瞬间热通量峰值也随之下降。此外,在超声分子束注入之后偏滤器室内的热辐射损失大幅度增加,从而耗散了热输运所携带的部分能量,进一步分散了沉积到偏滤器靶板上的能量,有效地保护了偏滤器靶板。     

光锥与CCD耦合器件调制传递函数的测试方法

采用直接对倾斜刀口成像的方法测量光锥与CCD耦合器件的调制传递函数.这种方法对静止刀口成像,利用刀口与光锥纤维列间的一定倾斜角度,在垂直于刀口的不同行之间形成不同的值,代替了传统刀口扫描中的扫描装置,并无需保证刀口与阵列的平行,相应地减小了测量误差. 在数据处理中采用了二次平均法,即对同一幅图像得出的不同位置值进行平均及多次测量结果平均,在一定程度上消除了由于离散性产生的空间非平移不变性的影响.     

光突发交换边缘路由器性能分析

本文详细分析了各种因素对光突发交换边缘路由器的性能的影响.结果显示,不同服务等级的时延要求可以通过控制组装的最大时延得以保证;不同等级数据包长的大范围变动会导致信道分配的不公平性;边缘节点越多,丢包率越高;在总输出容量一定的情况下,增加输出数据信道数可以在获得低的丢包率的同时达到较高的通道利用率,但随着边缘节点数的增加,增加输出信道数对丢包率的改善作用下降.     

Re_3W的点接触安德烈夫反射谱研究

本文通过对不同晶体结构Re_3W样品的点接触测量和对比研究,证实具有中心对称结构和非中心对称结构的Re_3W都是弱耦合Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer超导体,同时发现在两个相表面都可以形成很理想的点接触结,即电子通过界面时受到的非弹性散射很弱.将Re_3W样品置于大气环境近六个月后重新进行测量,仍然能够得到类似的结果,表明Re_3W具有很好的稳定性. Re_3W的这种优良特性,不仅可通过点接触实验得到的参数推算出Re_3W两个相的费米速度,而且提供了一种简单的方法,可以在点接触实验中利用Re_3W来印证针尖材料的费米速度和测量其自旋极化率等.作为尝试,本文用Re_3W/Ni点接触结测量了铁磁性金属Ni的自旋极化率,得到了与前人报道一致的结果.     

Influences of stoichiometry on steadily propagating triple flames in counterflows

Most studies of triple flames in counterflowing streams of fuel and oxidizer have been focused on the symmetric problem in which the stoichiometric mixture fraction is 1/2. There then exist lean and rich premixed flames of roughly equal strengths, with a diffusion flame trailing behind from the stoichiometric point at which they meet. In the majority of realistic situations, however, the stoichiometric mixture fraction departs appreciably from unity, typically being quite small. With the objective of clarifying the influences of stoichiometry, attention is focused on one of the simplest possible models, addressed here mainly by numerical integration. When the stoichiometric mixture fraction departs appreciably from 1/2, one of the premixed wings is found to be dominant to such an extent that the diffusion flame and the other premixed flame are very weak by comparison. These curved, partially premixed flames are expected to be relevant in realistic configurations. In addition, a simple kinematic balance is shown to predict the shape of the front and the propagation velocity reasonably well in the limit of low stretch and low curvature.     

First-principles calculations of magnetic edge states in zigzag CrI3 nanoribbons

CrI₃ monolayer has recently drawn much attention due to its two-dimensional long range ferromagnetic order. We find that CrI₃ nanoribbons, which are strips of CrI₃ monolayer, can be used as building blocks of nanodevices. In this paper, we studied the atomic and electronic structures of CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons by using first-principles calculations. CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons are also ferromagnet. Interestingly, edge states exist in the system and play an important role in their electronic structures. They dominate the band structures around Fermi level and can be tuned by edge atomic structures. The intrinsic ferromagnetism and rich electronic structures enable CrI₃ zigzag nanoribbons a group of promising candidate materials for spintronics.